With oil production at its lowest in years, a total halt in phosphate exports and power generation sharply reduced, Syria's economy is on its knees, government ministers have said.
The ministers were speaking at a conference hosted by the British Syrian Society in Damascus this week titled "The War in Syria: Challenges and Opportunities."
"The war has reached all economic resources, but has most systemically hit the petrol sector," said Energy Minister Ali Ghanem.
"We used to produce and export petrol, but today we import all our needs," he said.
Crude oil production dropped 98 percent between 2010 and 2017 from 385,000 barrels per day to just 8,000, he said.
The government has lost control of many of the country's most important oil and gas fields to rebels, the Islamic State group or Kurdish fighters.
Natural gas production has fallen 52 percent from 21 million cubic meters (657 million cubic feet) per day in 2010 to just nine million (282 million) in 2017.
Before 2011, Syria was the fifth largest phosphate exporter in the world, producing 3.5 million tonnes a year, but now it produces none.
Ghanem said recent government victories, including the recapture of the Shaer oilfield last month, gave some cause for hope.
He predicted a modest increase in crude output over the next few months to around 12,000 bpd and an increase in natural gas output to 11.5 million cubic metres (360 million cubic feet) per day.
He said he also hoped to see a significant resumption of phosphate production by the end of the year.
The sharp reduction in oil and gas output has had a knock-on effect on power generation.
Electricity Minister Mohammed Zuhair Kharboutli said the government had supplied 97 percent of needs before the war.
That proportion is now down to 27 percent because of the shortage of fuel.
Syria generated about 49 billion kilowatts per hour before the war, but is now producing just 19 billion.
"The total losses for the electricity ministry since the beginning of the war amount to 2 trillion Syrian pounds (just over $3.8 billion)," Kharboutli estimated
